Vici grant for Marvin Tanenbaum

Genes contain the instructions for making proteins, and the combination of active genes in a cell determines what a cell looks like and what it will do. When a gene is activated, it produces messenger RNA (mRNA), which is used to produce proteins. Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of mRNA. A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid, is called a codon. The mRNA sequence determines the amino acid sequence of a protein, but the same amino acid can be coded by different codons.

Uncovering hidden genetic information

Recent work has identified that these codons make up a hidden layer of information inside genes that instructs not only which proteins to produce, but also how much protein to produce. Although different codons can code for the same amino acid, some are read faster than others, affecting the speed of protein production. Using advanced microscopy techniques, Tanenbaum will investigate why certain codons are more efficient and how these differences influence gene expression.

Investigating codon usage in viruses

Tanenbaum’s group will also explore how viruses use this hidden information to produce their proteins inside host cells. Viruses rely on the host’s cellular machinery to make their proteins, but often use different codons than their hosts. The reasons behind this are not fully understood. In this project, the group will study how codon usage affects gene expression during viral infections.

Impact on our understanding of gene regulation and therapies

With this project, Tanenbaum aims to understand how mRNA sequences not only code for amino acids, but also control protein production. By studying codon usage, he hopes to reveal new ways of regulating gene expression, which could impact fields like development, cancer research, and viral infections. His findings may also improve mRNA-based therapies, vaccines, and protein production. These tools and technologies will be made accessible to other researchers and clinical and societal impact will be maximized through close collaboration with industry partners.

About the Vici grant

The NWO Vici grant is intended for senior researchers who have proven that they are capable of developing their own line of research. With the funding they can continue and further develop their research. The maximum grant is 1.5 million euros. A total of 43 Vici grants were awarded this year.