3 October 2019 New method to purify cell types to high purity Back to news Researchers from the group of Alexander van Oudenaarden and Eelco de Koning have developed GateID, a new method that can highly purify a cell type of interest from a tissue, without the use of antibodies or a genetic reporter. Thereby, GateID allows to isolate a variety of cell types, such as stem cells, in order to study them in more detail. The researchers have published their results in the scientific journal Cell on the 3rd of October. Specific cell types Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, among which are many different cell types and subtypes carrying out different tasks in the body. For example, stem cells are a rare subtype of cells crucial for organ formation and maintenance. Additionally, tumors consist of different cell types, each one potentially responding differently to treatment. Overall, studying individual cell types and subtypes is important to obtain a better understanding of their properties and function in health and disease. Antibodies Until now, single cells that belong to a certain cell type of interest, such as stem cells, are purified based on specific markers present on the outside of the cell. For the purification, researchers use fluorescent antibodies able to bind these markers or generate genetically modified organisms where the cells of interest are fluorescently labelled. In both cases, the fluorescent cells can be detected and specifically purified by a flow cytometer. While powerful, these approaches are not always available. For example, genetic modifications are impossible in humans and antibodies are not always available. Therefore, certain cell types remain inaccessible to researchers due to the lack of purification solutions. New tool Researchers at the Hubrecht Institute have developed a new tool, called GateID, that enables the purification of cell types purely based on the native characteritics of the cells. GateID uses characteristics such as shape, size and granularity that can be measured by a flow cytometer, the same equipment used for cell type purification based on the above-mentioned antibodies and genetic markers. This new approach makes it possible to purify a cell type of choice without having to resort to genetically modified organisms or commercially available antibodies. GateID GateID uses two types of information: information from inside and outside the cell. First, researchers generate a dataset by collecting single cells from the organ or tissue of choice. For each single cell, both the native characteristics of the cells (how they look from the outside) and their specific gene expression profiles (how they look on the inside) are measured. The researchers then identify the cell type of each single cell through their gene expression profiles. The native characteristics are then coupled to the identified cell type. Next, GateID is able to select the best native characteristics to purify the desired cell type in many subsequent experiments. The researchers show that GateID allows for the isolation of several cell types to high purities. Graphical representation of the GateID method Enrichment of blood stem cells (dark blue) with GateID. First bar graph before GateID: 29.6% are blood stem cells. Second bar graph, after GateID:enrichment to 93.8% blood stem cells. Purifying blood and pancreatic cell types In their study, the researchers used GateID to purify four cell types from the zebrafish immune system, including blood stem cells and progenitor cells, and alpha and beta cells from the human pancreas. In the future, researchers will be able to use GateID to purify and study any cell type of choice, from stem cells to tumor cells. Publication Cell type purification by single-cell transcriptome-trained sorting. Chloé S Baron*, Aditya Barve*, Mauro J Muraro*, Reinier van der Linden, Gitanjali Dharmadhikari, Anna Lyubimova, Eelco J. P. de Koning & Alexander van Oudenaarden * these authors contributed equally Alexander van Oudenaarden is director of the Hubrecht Institute, group leader, professor of Quantitative Biology of Gene Regulation at the UMC Utrecht and Utrecht University and Oncode Investigator. Eelco de Koning is group leader at the Hubrecht Institute and professor of Diabetology at the Leiden University Medical Center.
